Architecture surrounds us no affair where nosotros may be. From the cool, jaw-dropping homes that nosotros take in inward the magazines to the iconic together with historical buildings that nosotros recognize instantly, architecture is everywhere. Architecture seems to talk to us. Some cities, streets, or buildings talk to us of aggression, chaos, or state of war machine pride spell others whisper of graceful dignity, calm, or gentleness.
At times, nosotros neglect to realize the importance of proficient architecture together with the number it has on our lives together with mood. If nosotros understood what touching on ugly architecture has on our lives together with spirits, nosotros would for certain go an advocate of proficient architecture.
Architecture is non but a science, but an art. Building massive structures that are non only a sight to await at but are also functional is something that requires skill, sense, together with effort. To constitute structures that go renowned inward the whole world is something non everyone tin john attain together with those who take away maintain achieved it take away maintain made to the listing of the most famous architects of all times.
We take away maintain compiled a listing of 100 famous architects of all times. The listing includes age-old architects together with modern architects, everyone whose contributions inward architecture cannot live overlooked. They take away maintain designed the finest cathedrals, museums, fine art galleries, airdrome terminals, skyscrapers, individual houses, together with banks.
Renaissance Architects
These architects are the ones who contributed to the European architecture betwixt the early on 14th century together with 16th century inward many unlike regions. They demonstrated the revival together with evolution of some elements of ancient Roman together with Greek sentiment together with textile culture.
1. Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo Brunelleschi was born inward Florence, Italy inward 1377. He is 1 of the pioneers of Renaissance architecture inward Italy. He was an architect together with an engineer. He is known for his major work- the dome of the Cathedral Santa Maria del Flore inward Florence. He was the initiatory off e'er modern engineer. Being an innovative job solver, he worked on the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Flore with the assist of machines that he specially invented for this project.
He has also worked for edifice together with rebuilding many state of war machine fortifications inward unlike cities similar Rencine, Pisa, Rimini, Castellina, together with Vicopisano. He is the creator of a hoist-like machinery that helped inward theatrical performances inward Florentine churches. This machinery assisted characters inward flight around. He also secured the initiatory off modern patent for his excogitation of a riverboat.
He died inward Florence, on 15th Apr 1446. His tomb is situated inward Duomo.
2. Michelozzo di Bartolomeo
Michelozzo di Bartolomeo was born inward 1396 inward Florence. His begetter was a tailor. At the historic menses of 14, Michelozzo became an apprentice of Ghiberti. He became known every bit the 2nd greatest with sculptors inward Europe. Most of his piece of work has been done inward collaboration with Donatello. He developed the concept of key palazzo configuration which nevertheless defines the visage of Italy fifty-fifty today.
One of the most renowned projects that Michelozzo did with Ghiberti was the North Doors of the Baptisery, depicting stories that were told inward the New Testament. He also assisted Donatello inward edifice the sacristy of the Santa Trinita which is situated inward Florence. He also executed the tomb of Antipope John XXIII. Michelozzo was also an architect for Cosimo de’ Medici for virtually xl years. One of his greatest works was the Palazzo Medici Ricarddi which took a proficient xl years!
3. Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti was non but an architect but a writer, sculptor, together with a painter. He wrote several books due which his contributions to architecture, sculpture, together with prototype tin john never live forgotten. These include De Statua (a volume on sculpturing), Della Pittura (a volume on Painting), together with De Re Aedificatoria (a volume on Architecture).
His initiatory off architectural contribution was for Sigismondo Malatesta of Rimini who wanted to covert the Gothic church building of San Francesco inward Rimini into a mausoleum for himself. Though it was never completed, it stands every bit a strong reminder of Roman Antiquity.
More prominent works inward architecture include the Church of Santa Maria Novella inward Florence together with Palazzo Rucellai. The lastly ii churches that Alberti worked on were Santa Sebastiano together with Santa Andrea. Santa Sebastiano was never actually completed spell Santa Andrea was completed after Alberti’s death.
4. Giuliano da Sangallo
Guiliano da Sangallo was 1 of the most eminent architects during the Italian Renaissance. He belonged to a identify unit of measurement of architects of Florentine Renaissance. The most prominent members of his identify unit of measurement were Antonio de Sangallo the Elder, Antonio de Sangallo the Younger, together with Francesco da Sangallo.
Guiliano da Sangallo is known for his incredible contributions. His major works include the following: Medici Villa at Poggio a Caiano that he built for Lorenzo de’ Medici
Santa Maria Delle Carceri, a church building that was built at the miracle site where a prototype of babe Jesus Christ together with Virgin Mary was seen to come upwards to life
Reggia inward Naples, a castle for the King of Naples, Ferrante of Aragon
Church of San Gallo, a church building for Augustinian monks
Palazzo Gondi, a palazzo for Guiliano Gondi, a wealthy Florentine merchant. Palazzo Gondi was non completed during the lifetime of Guiliano da Sangallo together with is nevertheless plain of study to renovations
Palazzo Della Rovere
His terminal piece of work was the assistance inward the pattern together with the construction of St. Peter’s Basilica, after which he died inward 1516, inward Florence.
5. Donato Bramante
Donato Bramante was 1 of the most pop architects during the High Renaissance. Donato Bramante’s initiatory off major piece of work inward architecture was the church building inward Milan, Santa Maria presso San Satiro. He transformed a elementary rectangular edifice into a marvel that nevertheless stands proudly today. Tempietto di San Pietro inward Montorio is a well-known Christian construction that was built yesteryear Donato Bramante inward Rome. Tempietto di San Pietro is the perfect embodiment of the philosophies that prevailed during the Renaissance. It was the initiatory off fourth dimension when Doric monastic tell was fully used.
He died inward Apr 1514, after working inward numerous other commissions.
6. Michelangelo
Michelangelo was an architect, painter, sculptor, together with a poet. He was called ‘il divino’ which way the divine 1 inward English. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 lot of his creations appear to live super-human. He created masterpieces similar David, the sculpture that looked actually similar living flesh together with blood, the painted ceiling of the Sistine Chapel inward Rome, together with numerous examples inward the plain of architecture.
He built several structures that 1 can’t halt staring at. The marvelous contributions inward architecture include the facade on the Papel Chapel inward Castel Sant’Angelo inward Rome, the Laurentian Library inward Saint Lorenzo inward Florence, Palazzo Farnese inward Rome, the dome of St Peter’s Basilica Vatican, together with Porta Pia inward Rome.
We tin john take in peachy works yesteryear Michelangelo fifty-fifty today inward Rome together with empathize the life of that era inward a amend way, all cheers to the genius Michelangelo Buonarroti.
7. Baldassare Peruzzi
Baldessare Peruzzi was an architect together with a painter who was born inward Siena together with died inward Rome. He contributed to the architecture of his hometown together with Rome. He was 1 of the architects to take away maintain worked on Saint Peter’s Basilica where he also worked on ii outstanding buildings: the Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne together with the Villa Farnesina. Villa Farnesina was originally known every bit the Villa Chigi.
Other architectural works yesteryear Peruzzi include a mosaic ceiling inward Santa Croce, which is a church building inward Gerusalemme, paintings inward churches of San Pietro together with Sant’Onofrio inward Montorio together with Santa Maria inward Siena.
8. Raphael
Raphael was a painter together with an architect inward the Italian Renaissance. He was best known for Madonnas that were a serial of paintings. Raphael contributions were non limited to paintings. He contributed a peachy bargain to architecture every bit well.
In 1508, Raphael moved from Italy to Rome, where he started prototype inward the Vatican Stanze nether the patronage of Pope Julius II. By 1514, he had go famous because of his piece of work at the Vatican. He hired a crew which allowed him to focus to a greater extent than on other projects. In 1517, he began his piece of work inward architecture. He was hired yesteryear the Pope every bit the primary architect after Donato Bramante died. He designed the chapel inward Sant’ Eligo degil Oredici. He also worked on Santa Maria del Popolo chapel inward Rome, together with on an expanse inward Saint Peter’s novel Basilica. He also designed palaces.
Even centuries after his death, Raphael is nevertheless considered every bit 1 of the leading artistic figures of Italian High Renaissance classicism.
9. Michele Sanmicheli
Michele Sanmicheli is known to live 1 of the greatest mannerist architects together with town planners inward Italy. You tin john regain his works inward numerous cities similar Venice, Bergamo, Verona, together with Brescia. He also worked inward Crete, Corfu, Zadar, together with Sibenik where he studied Greek architecture. He worked on numerous religious structures together with palaces.
He contributed inward the edifice of the Corner Mocenigo palace inward Venice. His works include Palazzo Roncale inward Rovigo, Palazzo Grimani di San Luca inward Venice, together with Palazzo Honorji inward Verona. One of his masterpieces included the triumphal arch for the entry of the Bona Sforza inward Padua.
He died inward 1559 due to a vehement fever. He has been buried inward the church building of San Tomaso Cantuariense.
10. Jacopo Sansovino
Jacopo Sansovino introduced the fine art vogue High Renaissance inward Venice. He began his career inward Florence every bit a sculpture but was welcomed warmly inward Venice yesteryear Lorenzo Lotto, a painter, illustrator, together with a draughtsman. He declared Jacopo Sansovino every bit 2nd to Michelangelo.
He was appointed every bit the proto of the Procurators of San Marco which was the most influential architectural business office inward the country. He reworked the Piazza di San Marco to its electrical flow shape. He also started designing the Republic’s novel Mint (Zecca) which came to go 1 of the biggest inward all of Europe. Sansovino also designed the Libreria Vecchia, the urban kernel library. Libreria Vecchia on the Piazzetta San Marco is considered a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture.
Sansovino also designed many individual commissions, hospitals, palaces, together with churches.
11. Mimar Sinan
Mimar Sinan was an Ottoman architect who is considered every bit the greatest inward the Ottoman Empire. He had go a valued state of war machine engineer. Because of his reputation, he was appointed every bit the caput of the business office of the royal architects. Upon the orders of Sultan Suleyman, Mimar Sinan built the legendary Sehzade Mosque after Sultan Suleyman’s favorite boy Mehmet died. It is considered every bit a masterpiece fifty-fifty today.
Mimar Sinan also bagged the credits of edifice the Suleymaniye Kulliye, Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque Complex, together with the Selimiye Complex.
The higher upwards mentioned projects are non the only projects Mimar Sinan worked on. They are but a few from a long list. These majestic structures go along to live a major tourist attraction of Istanbul today.
12. Giulio Romano
Giulio Romano was an Italian designer, painter, together with an architect who started his career from the workshop of Raphael. In 1525, Giulio laid himself gratis from the influence of Raphael together with became the initiator of a novel vogue of Mannerism that showcased a liberated mental attitude to the classical influence.
Giulio became the primary architect together with painter of the courtroom of the Gonzagas inward Mantua. The latter component of his career was devoted to architecture. He was involved inward the rebuilding of the Ducal Palace inward Mantua, he renovated the cathedral together with also designed the Church if San Benedetto. He planned decorations for Verona Cathedral’s choir together with apse. As a master copy of mural paintings, he is best known for his piece of work on trompe l’oeil frescoes inward the Palazzo del Te.
He was appointed yesteryear Pope Julius III every bit a papal architect inward Rome. He succeeded Michelangelo after his expiry every bit an architect for piece of work on St. Peter’s. Villa Caprarola, situated close Viterbo is 1 of his finest productions. He did this piece of work for Cardinal Alessandro Farbese. He also worked on the Villa Giulia for the Pope Julius III inward Rome. He was the interior designer of the Church of the Gesu inward Rome.
Vignola has credits for many architectural masterpieces that nevertheless overwhelm the cities today. He is non but known for his architectural contributions but he has also written a treatise, ‘Five Orders of Architecture’ which was translated inward many languages.
14. Andrea Palladio
Andrea Palladio is 1 of the most prominent figures inward architecture. His legacy was carried frontward far beyond his lifetime. He was considered to live 1 of the most influential figures inward the entire history of Western architecture. His designs were based on Greek architecture.
He is best known for his contributions to architecture, including the villas inward Veneto, palaces inward Vicenza, together with churches inward Venice, that are all located inside the Venetian Republic. His greatest works include Villa Cornaro, the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, Villa Capra, together with the Church of II Redentore. Many of the buildings yesteryear Palladio inward Veneto together with Vicenza take away maintain been protected yesteryear UNESCO every bit World Heritage Sites.
15. Philibert de l’Orme
Philibert de l’Orme was born inward Lyons. He was the boy of Master Mason. He went to Rome inward 1533 for the earthworks together with measuring of ancient Roman buildings. He returned to his hometown inward 1536 where he built the house for Antoine Bullioud.
In 1540, he was called to Rome yesteryear Du Bellay who had go his friend during the before see to Rome. He wanted l’Orme to build his château at St-Maur-lès-Foussés which was the initiatory off e'er edifice to demo how measures together with proportions should live observed inward architecture. It was also the initiatory off e'er edifice inward French Republic that had a horseshoe staircase together with columnar monastic tell inward all elements of decoration.
He was appointed every bit a superintendent of buildings yesteryear Henry II. He built the Tomb of Francis at St-Denis for Henry II. He was commissioned yesteryear the mistress of Henry II, Diane de Poitiers, to build her château at Anet. However, he was dismissed yesteryear Henry II’s wife, Catherine de Médicis after he died. He was summoned 1 time again inward 1563 to enlarge St.Maur for her boy together with also to build the novel palace for her, the Palace of Tuileries inward Paris. By the fourth dimension l’Orme died, only the key pavilion’s lower subdivision was complete.
16. Giacomo Della Porta
Giacomo Della Porta was an Italian architect together with sculptor who was born inward a identify unit of measurement of sculptors inward Geneva. He was greatly influenced yesteryear together with also collaborated with Michelangelo together with Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola. Having ii of the greatest architects every bit masters, he became a real of import architect inward the history of the Roman Renaissance.
He worked on a number of of import buildings similar St.Peter’s Basilica. He continued the plans of Michelangelo to rebuild the Capitoline Hill or Campidoglio’s opened upwards spaces where he was involved inward the completion of the façade together with steps of Palazzo Senatorio, together with the Cordonata up to the Piazza del Campidoglio. After Vignola died, he continued the construction of II Gesu which was the mother church of Jesuit. He also constructed the Palazzo Albertoni Spinola, creating the entrance gallery together with also the foyer of the Palace. He was the in-charge of construction that was going on inward St. Peter’s Basilica. He also completed the dome of Michelangelo with Domenico Fontana.
17. Vincenzo Scamozzi
Vicenzo Scamozzi was a Venetian author on architecture together with a practicing architect. He was the most of import architects that lived betwixt Andrea Palladio together with Baldassarre Longhena. He wrote real highly of Andrea Palladio inward his literature. When Andrea Palladio died, Vincenzo Scamozzi was appointed to consummate many of Palladio’s unfinished projects.
The masterpieces that were constructed yesteryear Vincenzo Scamozzi include the Rocca Oisana inward Lonigo, completion of Villa Rotonda that has the world-famous scene of the Teatro Olimpico with roads of Thebes, Villa Molin inward Mandriola, Villa Nani Mocenigo inward Canda, Villa Duodo inward Monselice, the theatre of Sabbioneta, together with his pattern of the Salzburg Cathedral.
Baroque Architects
They are the architects that worked during the Baroque era (late 16th century). They used the Roman Renaissance architecture to cast a novel theatrical together with rhetorical fashion, quite frequently used to limited the triumph of the Catholic Church. The architectural commissions that were the most pop during this era were churches together with palaces.
18. Carlo Maderno
Carlo Maderno was a Swiss-Italian architect who is remembered every bit the begetter of Baroque architecture. He went to Rome inward 1588 to piece of work for his uncle Domenico Fontana who was an architect for Pope Sixtus V. It wasn’t until 1596 that he got to piece of work on the initiatory off of import commission- the church building of Santa Susanna. It was completed inward 1603 together with was called the initiatory off Baroque facade.
Maderno’s piece of work on Santa Susanna caught the attending of Pope Paul V together with he appointed Maderno every bit the primary architect for the completion of St. Peter’s. He was forced to modify the original programme of Michelangelo together with was made to supply designs for an extended nave having a palatial façade.
Most of his piece of work was normally the remodeling of already developed structures. One of his masterpieces was the Santa Maria Della Vittoria which took 12 years to acquire completed.
19. Inigo Jones
Inigo Jones was born inward London. He caught the attending of the royals yesteryear designed exquisite masques which were a variety of a ball that was enjoyed yesteryear the royalty. He provided the settings together with costumes for these fancy dances.
In 1598, a patron paid for Inigo’s trip to Italy. He visited Florence, Rome, together with Venice where all emerging architects went. It was a fourth dimension when Italy was inward the lastly stages of the Renaissance. Inigo Jones discovered the peachy works of Andrea Palladio. He bought his drawings, visited his buildings, together with also studied the ruins of Roman temples. When he returned to London 5 years later, he brought with him the Palladian architecture to England.
He continued designing masques upon his render to England. He also used it every bit a way to indulge with the nobility. He completed his initiatory off architectural committee inward 1608 for the Earl of Salisbury. Later inward 1611, he was appointed the surveyor to Prince Henry’s works, together with after to King James I after the expiry of Prince Henry. During his career, he designed mansions, churches, together with gardens. Two of the most prominent architectural works of Inigo Jones are The Queen’s House inward Greenwich together with the Banqueting House, Whitehall. During the brief career that he had, he became a peachy Welsh architect together with introduced a revival of classical architecture inward London singlehandedly.
20. Pietro da Cortona
Pietro da Cortona was an Italian architect who was a truthful representative of high Baroque architecture. His existent call was Pietro Berrettini but he is known for his birthplace that was Cortona (a small-scale town inward Tuscany).
When he went to Rome inward his teens, he was influenced yesteryear the ancient Roman sculptures together with the paintings of Annibale. He was encouraged yesteryear Cassiano dal Pozzo to study ancient Roman sculptures together with architecture.
Most of his career includes some majestic pieces of paintings but some component of his career is dedicated to architecture every bit well. Among his architectural works, the façade for the church building Santa Maria Della Pace inward Rome is the most prominent one. It spreads on 1 side, across the forepart of a cloister, together with an side yesteryear side church building on the other side.
21. Bernini
Bernini was the boy of pop sculptor Pietro Bernini. He was a peachy sculptor from an historic menses every bit early on every bit 8 years. Bernini moved to Rome inward 1606 when his begetter was invited yesteryear Pope to piece of work on the construction of Basilica Santa Maria Maggiore.
Cardinal Maffeo Barberini was impressed yesteryear Bernini’s science together with he reported virtually it to his uncle, Pope Paul V together with this Pb to Bernini’s appointment on a role that was before held yesteryear Michelangelo. Most of Bernini’s career was dedicated to sculpting. However, he tried to transform Rome through an urban planning projection which was quite costly. He recreated the ‘glory of Rome’ that began inward the 15th century. He focused greatly on architecture that included the piazza that Pb to St. Peter’s.
22. Francois Mansart
Francois Mansart was a French architect who was born inward Paris. He was the pupil of Salomon de Brosse, who was an architect of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Palace.
He received numerous commissions. Some of the piece of work he did during his early on menses includes the châteaux of Berny together with Balleroy. He rebuilt the château of Blois. He also worked on many townhouses inward Paris. Most notable ones include Hôtel de la Vrillière together with the Hôtel Le Jars. Château of Maisons is the best known of all his domestic works. It was inward 1645 that he was commissioned to pattern the convent together with the church building of the Val-de-Grâce inward Paris.
He was asked to submit his designs for the eastern fly of the Great Court of the Louvre which he never did due to his obsession of modifying his designs. Due to this reason, he was ignored yesteryear the fourth dimension he died inward 1666.
23. Francesco Borromini
Francesco Borromini is 1 of the most of import contributors to the Roman baroque fine art inward the 17th century. Most of his piece of work combined geometric rationalism together with an imaginative sense of drama.
The most famous architectural designs that he worked on include the following:
Cappella del St Sacramento
Palazzo Spada
Oratory of St Phillip Neri
Church of St Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
Church of St Ivo alla Sapienza (1640-60) Dome together with Facade
Maria dei Sette Dolori
Palazzo Pamphili
St Giovani inward Laterano
Villa Falconieri, Frascati
Church of St Agnese inward Agone
Church of St Giovanni dei Fiorentini
His life was a rather hard one. Due to this reserved personality, he had to combat for commissions. He committed suicide inward 1667.
24. Alonso Cano
Alonso Cano was taught fundamentals of architecture yesteryear his begetter from a real early on age. He has credits to numerous masterpieces inward prototype together with sculpting. Most of his paintings together with sculptures from early on times did non survive. However, Saint John the Evangelist’s Vision of Jerusalem, 1 of his paintings are displayed inward the Wallace Collection, London.
His greatest contribution to architecture is Granada Cathedral. He was appointed every bit Canon at Granada Cathedral. He was the primary architect for the cathedral. a seat that he secured till his death. He designed many decorations together with features of the western façade of Granada Cathedral which is the ground of his reputation every bit the greatest architects of Spain, to date.
25. Louis Le Vau
Louis Le Vau was a boy of a stonemason, Le Vau. He was trained yesteryear his father. Louis Le Vau was influenced yesteryear the Italian architecture, including the works of Pietro da Cortona together with Bernini.
He began his architectural career with Hotel de Bautru together with Hotel Lambart. He also designed many townhouses on the Ile Saint-Louis. He designed a colonnade together with the novel wings for the Lourve. He was appointed the initiatory off architect to King Louis XIV. E started working on his architectural masterpiece, Chateau- Vaux-le-Vicomte.
He was the main structural architect, along with Jules Hardouin Mansart, for stage 1 of remodeling of Palace of Versailles. He renovated the Marble Court. He also remodeled the garden façade of the palace, which was initially a hunting lodge.
The famous buildings that were designed yesteryear Louis Le Vau are:
Hotel de Bautru
Hotel Lambert, Ile Saint-Louis
Chateau of Livry, Raincy
Church of Saint-Sulpice
Palais du Louvre
Hotel de Fonteney
Chateau of Vaux-le-Vicomte
Vincennes Castle
College des Quatre-Nations (now Institut de France)
Palais du Louvre (Galerie d’Apollon)
Palace of Versailles (stage)
26. Andre Le Notre
Andre Le Notre is known every bit the Rex of gardeners. He was the gardener to the King. He is credited to take away maintain given the “French garden” its noble reputation.
He started his career every bit a gardener to the uncle of Louis XIV, Gastin – the duke if Orleans. He was born inward a identify unit of measurement who had been a gardener to the Rex e'er since the 16th century. He took his preparation inward the garden at Les Tuileries where he was made the caput gardener. He also worked for the Fouquet at Vaux-le-Vicomte. He became the Controller of General Buildings inward 1657, to the King. After 5 years, he was working for Grande Conde, on the gardens of Chantilly. He was together with thence summoned yesteryear King Louis XIV, for the garden of Palace of Versailles, where he was the primary gardener.
27. Sir Christopher Wren
Sir Christopher Wren was non inclined to architecture until the historic menses of 30. He was trained inward mathematics together with scientific discipline together with had the mightiness to solve scientific problems. This provided him with the technical preparation that was needed to undertake complex projects inward the plain of architecture.
The initiatory off venture inward architecture was Sheldonian Theatre at Oxford. He visited French Republic once, during which he studied baroque architecture together with French Renaissance. The influence of his learning tin john live seen inward his work.
He was appointed yesteryear King Charles after the Great Fire inward 1666 to reconstruct the city. His plan, which was a typical 17th-century city plan, was non accepted. He was together with thence made responsible to supplant 87 parish churches that were demolished inward the Great Fire. From 1670 to 1686, 51 novel churches were designed, which came to live known every bit City Churches.
Some of his most renowned projects include the Trinity College Library at Cambridge, pattern of St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Royal Hospital at Chelsea, Hampton Court Palace (designed for King William III together with Queen Mary), together with lastly but definitely non the to the lowest degree important, the Royal Naval Hospital at Greenwich.
28. Jules Hardouin Mansart
Jules Hardouin Mansart was the grand-nephew of Francois Mansart. He succeeded Louis Le Vau every bit the Royal Architect to King Louis XIV. His science together with passion tin john live seen inward the grandiose facades of the Palace of Versailles. He also designed the French Windows for Grand Trianon at Versailles. He also has the credit of designing the majestic dome of Les Invalides. He was appointed every bit the Premier Architect together with Superintendent of Buildings.
Other contributions inward architecture include:
Chateau of Marly
The Place Vendome inward Paris
29. Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach is 1 of the most of import architects that lived during the Baroque era. He was an Austrian architect, who initially made sculptures. The initiatory off architectural works that he did was a triumphal arch that was to a greater extent than than thirty meters high, marker the coronation of Roman King.
Other architectural masterpieces include the Palais Clam-Gallas, Prague, Town Palace of Prince Eugen of Savoy inward Vienna, designs for Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, together with Hofbibliothek, Vienna.
30. Jakob Prandtauer
Jakob Prandtauer was an Austrian architect who studied architecture together with sculpture. He learned the merchandise with his begetter but the historic menses of 19, he was working every bit a sculptor inward a urban kernel inward lower Austria, Sankt Polten. By the fourth dimension he turned 40, he was Baumeister (master builder) who was working on numerous projects.
He worked for the monastery of Melk on the Danube together with completely rebuilt the church building together with all the buildings of the huge complex which is 1 of the largest monastic complexes. He also built the pilgrimage church building on Sonntagberg together with the monastery at Garsten. Moreover, he reconstructed the monastery of Sankt Florian, situated close Linz. He worked on numerous other projects every bit well.
Jakob Prandtauer was non but an architect but he was inward accuse of all aspects of construction, including the interior together with exterior designs. He died spell many of his projects were nevertheless unfinished.
31. Johann Dientzenhofer
Johann Dientzenhofer was an architect together with a builder inward Germany. He belonged to a famous identify unit of measurement of High German architects, Dientzenhofer. They were leading builders during the High German together with Bohemian baroque era.
The major architectural works of Johann Dientzenhofer with many others include:
Fulda Cathedral for the Abbot of Fulda
Parish church building of St. Wenzel, Litzendorf
Facade of Neumünster church, Würzburg
32. Andreas Schluter
Andreas Schluter was a High German architect together with a sculptor. He produced many sculptures similar the statues for the Long Bridge leading to the palace inward Berlin that earned him a peachy bargain of reputation.
His architectural works are also known for the sculptural approach that is evident inward most of his work. He was appointed for the elector, every bit the surveyor of full general works. He was made in-charge of all buildings. He worked on a novel palace that was situated on the isle of Spree, which is known every bit the Berlin Schloss. He non only designed the construction but also took attention of the decorative details. The parts of Berlin Schloss that were designed yesteryear Andreas Schluter include the Great Portal, the Great Court, together with the main rooms situated on the initiatory off floor. He also executed works every bit the pulpit inward the Alte Post, St. Mary’s Church, together with the Münzturm which was a H2O tower attached to the Mint.
It was due to the regain of structural problems inward many of his works that his reputation saw a downfall, together with he was inward disgrace inward the court. He was together with thence permitted to piece of work every bit a sculptor only. He left for Petrograd inward 1714 together with died shortly after his arrival there.
33. Sir John Vanbrugh
Sir John Vanbrugh was an English linguistic communication dramatist together with an architect who was born inward London. He studied arts inward France, but he shortly resigned the committee of a pes regiment that he had obtained. He was imprisoned every bit a spy for 2 years during his move inward France. During his imprisonment, he wrote a comedy play that was highly successful. He wrote many other plays together with adaptations every bit well.
Sir John Vanbrugh’s involvement inward architecture was sudden. He began designing the Castle Howard inward Yorkshire, for the Earl of Carlisle. He was secured every bit the comptroller of royal works yesteryear the Earl the same twelvemonth he started working on the castle. He was also commissioned to piece of work on the Greenwich Hospital. He also built the Blenheim Palace that the Duke of Marlborough intended to give every bit a royal gift to the 1 who won the state of war against Louis XIV.
He was a pop fellow member of society together with lived a rather happy life. He died early, leaving behind ii sons.
34. Pedro de Ribera
Pedro de Ribera worked alone inward Madrid. He is 1 of the most prominent architects during the tardily baroque period. He contributed the architecture of the urban kernel through palaces, urban kernel bridges, churches, monumental fountains, together with many world buildings, a lot of which tin john nevertheless live seen today.
He was the Lieutenant Major Master of Works together with sources of the urban kernel Madrid. He succeeded Theodore Ardemans after his death. His seat made his reputation strong that allowed him to pick out upwards an of import seat at court. Many of the works of Ribera were either destroyed or modified inward the 18th century when his architectural vogue was attacked yesteryear the fine art scholars who were real influential, similar Antonio Ponz.
Some of his architectural contributions are:
Torrecilla Palace
Church of San Cayetano
Ucles Monastery
Fuente de la Fama
35. Johann Balthasar Neumann
Johann Balthasar Neumann was born inward Bohemia which is the Czechia today. He studied engineering scientific discipline after becoming an apprentice at a metallic foundry. He after joined the regal Austrian army. While inward the army, he worked on his technical skills inward the plain of fortress architecture.
After working nether the supervision of Joseph Greising together with Andreas Muller, he was appointed every bit the primary architect-engineer inward Wurzburg yesteryear the Schonborn family. He became the primary architect of the novel Residenz projection (the initial architectural planning had already been done before Neumann took up). The Wurzburg Palace was completed inward almost a quarter of a century. The Wurzburg Residence Frescoes is 1 of the greatest palaces that were built inward the Baroque era.
He completed numerous other projects spell he was working at the Wurzburg Palace. They include:
Walifahrtskirche ,Twin-towered Pilgrim’s Church at Grossweinstein
Marble staircase for the Augustusburg Palace at Bruhl
Single-towered Trinity Church at Gaiback
Benedictine Abbey at Neresheim
Baden-Wurttemberg
the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (Vierzehnheiligen)
36. Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach
Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach was an Austrian architect, inventor, mine engineer, together with a mechanical engineer. He was the boy of the famous architect, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. He worked on some of the unfinished projects that his begetter left behind. These projects included the Imperial Library, the Karlskirche, together with Winter Riding School of the Hofburg. He also worked on many castles, palaces, together with churches, built some amazing monuments, tombs, gardens, together with altars.
Later inward his life, he left the plain of architecture together with devoted himself to the technical talent that he had. Many of the before buildings attributed to him come upwards from other architects.
37. Hans Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff
Hans Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff was non an architect from the beginning. He was initiatory off a soldier, together with and thence he became a portrait together with landscape painter. He together with thence became a theatre director, the world designer, followed yesteryear an interior decorator, eventually landing inward the plain o architecture.
He was an architect inward the service of Frederick II of Prussia. He was on friendly price with the Crown Prince, who after became the King. In virtually ii decades that he worked for the King, he supplied a number of designs for townhouses, castles, parks, colonnades, etc. his designs influenced the appearance of the cities of Potsdam together with Berlin greatly. Today, most of his piece of work has either been destroyed or has been changed. Only some of it could live restored or preserved.
Some of his major contributions to Baroque architecture are:
Potsdam City Palace
Sanssouci Palace Potsdam
38. Bartolomeo Rastrelli
The lastly of the peachy Baroque architects to piece of work inward Petrograd was Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli. He was born inward Paris together with received professional person didactics from his begetter who was a sculptor together with a trained architect. The initiatory off piece of work Rastrelli did was edifice a domicile inward St.Petersburg for the Prince Dimitrie Cantemir who was the onetime ruler of Moldova.
His career took off inward the 1730s after he started working for Ernst Johann von Biron. The initiatory off projection he did for the novel patron was edifice a riding schoolhouse on Nevsky Prospekt which was after demolished. Rastrelli built ii palaces inward Duchy of Courtland together with Semigallia for von Biron who became Duke inward 1737, at Rundale together with Jelgava. He became the Chief Architect of the Imperial Court every bit well.
Ratrelli designed the Summer Palace inward Petrograd after Von Viron savage from mightiness inward 1740. In 1744, Empress Elizabeth ordered Rastrelli to build the Mariinsky Palace every bit her summertime residence inward Kiev. He started the reconstruction together with redecoration piece of work on the Grand Palace inward Peterhof the next twelvemonth which officially opened inward 1755.
The next projection Rastrelli worked on was the Smolny Convent. He also worked on the construction of Catherine Palace which is 1 of the most extravagant palace sin the world. Winter Palace is yet some other masterpiece that Rastrelli worked on.
Neoclassical Architects
Neoclassical architects became the pioneers of neoclassical architecture. Neoclassical architecture was a reaction against Baroque together with Rococo architecture’s excessive ornamentation. It recreated the monastic tell together with vogue of Ancient Rome together with Greece. It originated inward France.
39. Jacques Germain Soufflot
Jacques Germain Soufflot was 1 of the earliest representatives of the neoclassical vogue inward architecture. He was born inward Irancy. He attended the French Academy inward Rome. Jacques Germain Soufflot studied classical monuments, Renaissance architecture yesteryear architects similar Andrea Palladio, together with also studied baroque architecture examples similar St. Peter’s Basilica.
Soufflot is best known for his masterpiece, The Pantheon inward Paris. It is the best instance of 18th-century architecture. It was designed every bit a church building that was dedicated to Sainte Genevieve. It was after converted into a memorial. His designs were simple, severe, spacious, together with consummate that tin john live seen inward his works similar the Loge des Changes together with extension of Hotel Dieu.
Jacques Germain Soufflot died inward Paris inward 1780.
40. Carl Gotthard Langhans
Carl Gotthard Langhans was a peachy architect who moved away from the Baroque architecture together with adapted the novel neoclassical architecture. He was the initiatory off to innovate the Greek structural designs to Berlin. He also continued to job designs from Baroque together with Renaissance architecture inward his work.
He was appointed the Chief Building Officer inward Breslau. He designed the buildings inward Palladian vogue that were inspired yesteryear the piece of work of yesteryear Wilhelm Freiherr von Erdmannsdorff at Schloss Worlitz.
He was called to Berlin yesteryear Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia inward 1788 to pattern novel buildings for the capital. He created the monuments of neoclassical fine art – Brandenburg Gate, which is the most famous of Langhans’ works. He also designed many theatres including the Royal Theatre inward Gendarmenmarkt, Berlin together with High German National Theatre inward Potsdam. Moreover, he was the architect to pattern the Anatomical Theatre for the Berlin Veterinary School. He also contributed inward the construction of Charlottenburg Palace inward Berlin, for Friedrich II.
He is nevertheless 1 of the major contributors to architecture inward the 18th century.
41. Claude Nicolas Ledoux
Claude Nicolas Ledoux was a French neoclassical architect. He was knowledgeable inward architectural theory which he used to non only pattern domestic structures but for town planning every bit well. He became known every bit the utopian because of his visionary programme to brand the City of Chaux an ideal city.
He learned the arts and crafts from Jacques François Blondel who was a neoclassical architect. He spent iv years inward Maroon together with Champagne provinces where he built bridges, hamlet churches, together with schools. He designed many palaces inward Paris, such every bit Hotel d’Halwyll. He also built the Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans.
Other major works that he did are:
Cathedral of Saint-Germaine, Auxerre
Chateau de Benouville
42. Jean Chalgrin
Jean Chalgrin established a neoclassic orientation during his early on studies which were nether the supervision of Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni together with Étienne-Louis Boullée inward Paris. His Prix de Rome sojourn every bit French Academy’s pensionnaire inward Rome also played a major role.
When he returned to Paris, he was appointed an inspector of world works almost immediately, nether Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux, an architect. He oversaw the construction of Hôtel Saint-Florentin inward the rue Saint-Florentin where Chalgrin got an chance to pattern the gateway to the cour d’honneur. He presented the pattern for Church of St. Philippe-du-Roule which was based on the basilica plan.
He was appointed every bit the First Architect to the blood brother of Louis XVI for whom he designed the pavilion of the Comtesse de Provence at Versailles. He was also appointed to supervise the projects for some other blood brother of the king. He remodeled the interior of the Saint Sulpice Church. He was also commissioned to piece of work on the Arc de Triomphe yesteryear Napoleon. Chalgrin died spell the projection was nevertheless underway.
43. Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was an American statesman, a lawyer, diplomat, together with an architect. He was the 3rd U.S President, the author of The Declaration of American Independence together with Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, together with Father of the University of Virginia.
Jeffersonian architecture is a cast of Neo-Palladianism and/ or Neo-classicism embodied inward architecture designs that Thomas Jefferson incorporated inward his properties, including the Monticello House- the domicile where he lived, Poplar Forest- his retreat, together with the University of Virginia- a college that he founded. He also designed homes for his political allies together with friends, similar Barboursville.
Thomas Jefferson built the Monticello House inward Virginia which he had wished to from his childhood. He wished to pass his life with his dear married adult woman inward a house that was his childhood dream but unfortunately, his married adult woman died inward the 10th year of matrimony together with could non take in the completion of Monticello House. It was this identify that he remained to a greater extent than frequently than non during the lastly seventeen years of his life.
44. Charles Cameron
Charles Cameron was a neoclassical architect who was influenced yesteryear Roman together with Greek architecture, every bit good every bit yesteryear the piece of work of Robert Adam. His architectural works are to a greater extent than focused on landscaped gardens together with the world palaces. He was born inward London. His begetter was a builder together with a carpenter. He trained nether Isaac Ware who was an architect.
He worked for Empress Catherine the Great, Paul I together with Alexander I. Some of his most famous contributions include the Alexander Palace, together with the Pavlovsk Palace, Razumovsky Palace. The contemporaries he worked on include Giacomo Quarenghi together with the Matvey Kazakov.
45. John Nash
John Nash was born inward London. He trained every bit an architect nether Sir Robert Taylor. He started off every bit an architect at an early on age, with his ain architecture firm. However, at the historic menses of 25, he was declared bankrupt. He together with thence moved from London to Wales, to live close his mother.
He worked on many prisons, the world homes, together with church building renovations inward Wales together with moved dorsum to London inward 1797. In around 1806, his piece of work caught the attending of Prince Regent, who tardily became King George IV.
He is best known for his works which are:
Royal Mews
Cumberland Terrace
East Cowes Castle
Ravensworth Castle
All Souls Church inward Langham
Mary’s Church Haggerston
Royal Pavilion inward Brighton
Trafalgar Square
Buckingham Palace
46. William Thornton
William Thornton is 1 of the earliest architects of America. He achieved fame during his early on years with the US Capitol Building that was designed inward the neoclassical architectural style.
He had studied medicine together with was a practicing Dr. inward Philadelphia. However, he found the nature of piece of work laborious together with disgusting. He had involvement inward prototype together with drawing together with he ended upwards submitting his designs to contest for Library Hall for Library Company of Philadelphia. His entry for the contest was selected together with he went to Tortola.
He learned virtually the contest for world buildings inward Washington. He proposed a pattern for the U.S Capitol Building. His drawings were awarded a premium of $500 after recommendations from Thomas Jefferson, the Secretary of State together with George Washington, the President.
William Thornton was appointed every bit the superintendent of the Patent Office yesteryear President Jefferson. He held this seat for 26 years, till his death. He designed ii Washington DC residences including the Octagon (John Tayloe III townhouse) together with Tudor Palace (Thomas Peter’s villa). Other major architectural works include the Woodlawn Plantation inward Virginia.
47. Charles Bulfinch
Charles Bulfinch was an American-born architect. He was the initiatory off to do architecture professionally inward Boston. He was well-known for his neoclassical architecture.
His neoclassicism was initiatory off seen inward his pattern for Tontine Crescent. Some of his early on works include an old Federal Street, the novel State House, New England’s initiatory off playhouse together with the Massachusetts State House.
In Boston, he was the most active architect for 25 years. He had a strong influence on modernizing Boston. He provided novel systems fir street-lighting, drainage, together with also widened the streets. He was 1 of the architects inward the designing of the U.S Capitol Building. He was the 1 to consummate the wings together with the key portion that were unfinished.
48. Benjamin Latrobe
Benjamin Latrobe was born inward Leeds, England. He studied engineering scientific discipline nether John Smeaton together with architecture nether Pepys Cockerell. He immigrated to Virginia before he settled inward Philadelphia. he designed Bank of Pennsylvania which was the initiatory off neoclassical edifice inward the U.S. that displayed Grecian order. He designed the St. John’s Church inward Washington D.C.
Benjamin Latrobe was hired yesteryear President Jefferson on the seat of Surveyor of Public Buildings. He constructed the southward fly of the U.S Capitol. He also worked on the President House together with the Navy Yard. He reconstructed the interior of the due north fly of U.S. Capitol. He was rehired for the restoration piece of work after ii wings were damaged from fires yesteryear British troops.
He is well-known for the Baltimore Basilica which is a neoclassical masterpiece. Other works include the Fairmount Waterworks, Nassau Hall inward Princeton University, the Baltimore Exchange, together with Louisiana State Bank.
He died inward New Orleans, where he was working on the city’s municipal H2O system.
49. Sir Robert Smirke
Sir Robert Smirke is 1 of the many leaders inward the Greek revival architecture. He studied drawing together with architecture from a real immature age. He was a pupil of the architect, John Soan.
He was made the architect to the Royal Mint which was initiatory off official appointment. He was elected Associate of the Royal Academy together with after the Royal Academician. His diploma piece of work consisted of a drawing for the reconstruction of the Acropolis of Athens.
He was nominated every bit an architect for Office of Works along with John Soan together with Nash. He together with thence worked o numerous commissions that include the General Post Office, the British Museum, King’s College, the Strand, together with the Custom House. He also worked on many individual projects similar the Convent Garden Theatre inward London, the Royal College of Physicians, various churches together with iv clubs.
He died at an historic menses of 87 inward Cheltenham.
50. Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Karl Friedrich Schinkel was a Prussian architect, painter, together with a urban kernel planner. When he was fourteen years old, he had already developed an involvement inward art. he visited numerous exhibitions together with it was inward an exhibition that he had an run across with the architect, Friedrich Gilly. He studied his piece of work together with decided to go an architect.
He became Friedrich Gilly’s pupil together with a friend. He designed stages including 1 for the Magic Flute. Queen of Prussia became aware of his piece of work together with he was commissioned to re-design the sleeping sleeping accommodation for her inward the palace. After this commission, Schinkel became the interior designer together with the master copy builder for the royal family.
He worked on turning Berlin into a representative upper-case missive of the alphabet of Prussia spell he was the Chief Government Building Surveyor. He was inward accuse of the projects taking identify inward Prussian territories, starting from Rhineland to Königsberg. He also built the Museum am Lustgarten inward Berlin.
Some of his pop works are:
Konzerthaus, Gendarmenmarkt inward Berlin
Tegel Palace
Altes Museum
He was a real of import High German architect who had a peachy influence on the subsequent generations of architects, every bit good every bit on Modern Art.
19th Century Architects
The piece of work of architects of the 19th Century was influenced yesteryear the before architectural movements together with exotic, unusual styles, along with the novel technologies that emerged inward the early on modern age. The revival of Gothic, Greek, together with Renaissance designs were fused with novel engineering scientific discipline methods together with materials.
51. Sir Charles Barry
Sir Charles Barry was an English linguistic communication architect every bit good every bit a fine draughtsman. He studied Renaissance architecture inward Florence together with Rome. He practiced inward London.
He worked on numerous Gothic Revival Churches similar St. Peter’s inward Brighton together with the Holy Trinity inward Islington. He worked on the Westminster Palace which is said to take away maintain hastened his expiry due to the immense pressure level he had to piece of work under.
Some of his pop works are listed below:
All Saints, Stand, Manchester
Houses of Parliament
The Reform Club inward London
Four preparatory drawings for the Reform Club
The Traveller’s Club, inward London
The (Former) Athenaeum inward Manchester
The Clock Tower, Mount Felix, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey
City Art Gallery inward Manchester
Kingston Lacy, Dorset (remodeling)
52. Richard Upjohn
Richard Upjohn was an American architect. He established architectural practices inward New York. He also became a leader nationwide inward the picturesque mode inward architecture inward America.
He is known best for his contribution to Gothic Revival church building architecture which had a long-lasting influence. He designed the Episcopal churches inward North Carolina together with the Christ Episcopal Church inward Raleigh. He worked with Alexander Paris, an architect inward Boston. He made a reputation inward New York with the Trinity Episcopal Church which is a landmark for the Gothic Revival inward the American architecture of the church.
Another of his pop piece of work is the Bowdoin College Chapel which every bit a Romanesque-influenced design.
53. Georges-Eugene Haussmann
Georges-Eugene Haussmann is the human being who designed Paris. It was Georges-Eugene Haussmann who gave the urban kernel of Paris the await that it nevertheless flaunts proudly today. He demolished most of the historic buildings with an intention to acquire rid of the slums together with gear upwards the urban kernel for an industrial era. The reforms inward Paris that Georges-Eugene Haussmann brought were thence expansive that almost everything inward Paris today tin john live traced dorsum to him.
The most prominent of his works that tin john live seen inward Paris are:
Bois de Boulogne
Avenue Foch
Boulevard Haussmann
54. Eugene Viollet-le-Duc
Eugene Viollet-le-Duc was a theorist, writer, together with an unconventional designer. He is best known for his restorations of Gothic together with Romanesque architecture. He was real well-educated inward Italy together with France. He was but 24 years of historic menses when he was given the chore of restoring La Madeleine at Vezelay Abbey. It was followed yesteryear the restoration of Sainte Chapelle together with Notre Dame inward Paris. The most of import of the restoration works he did was the restoration of the historical urban kernel of Carcassonne.
He worked on the interior of the Statue of Liberty. He was 1 of the most pregnant together with influential figures that contributed to 19th-century architecture. He also had a major touching on on the evolution of other styles, including Victorian architecture.
55. James Renwick
James Renwick was 1 of the most versatile American architects. He studied engineering scientific discipline together with was self-taught inward architecture.
He submitted a Gothic pattern for the Grace Church that was to live built inward New York together with won the competition. This pattern showed a truthful agreement of the Gothic style. He also worked on the St. Patrick’s Cathedral inward New York City.
Some of his prominent works include the edifice of Smithsonian Institution inward Washington, D.C. together with Corcoran Gallery inward Washington, D.C. Saint Bartholomew’s Church together with All Saints’ Roman Catholic Church inward New York City are also the works of James Renwick.
56. Frederick Law Olmsted
Frederick Law Olmsted was a landscape architect. He has designed most of the picturesque greenish spaces inward Chicago. He studied farming together with chemical scientific discipline together with and thence settled on becoming a landscape architect.
In 1858, he won a contest to pattern the Central Park inward New York, inward which he participated with Calvert Vaux. The planners of Riverside were thence impressed yesteryear their piece of work that the duo was appointed for designing a suburban community that was located ix miles from Chicago. Olmsted was asked to submit plans for South Park Commission yesteryear the Chicago Sanitary Commission. Olmsted together with Vaux set frontward a proposal which was set on agree every bit the urban kernel recovered from the devastating Great Chicago sack inward 1871.
Olmsted worked on many projects such every bit the University of Chicago, U.S. Capitol’s landscape design, together with the Baltimore Estate inward North Carolina. He also worked inward the conservation displace together with contributed to the preservation of the Niagara Falls.
World’s Columbian Exposition inward Chicago was the shining 2nd for Olmsted. He, along with Daniel Burnham, designed the South Pak Commission which is Jackson Park today.
57. Calvert Vaux
Calvert Vaux was born inward England. He was trained to live an architect from an early on age. He came to America for collaboration on landscape projects inward Picturesque estate with Andrew Jackson Downing. He collaborated with many designers together with landscape architects throughout his career, having the best partnership with Frederick Law Olmsted.
The partnership with Olmsted began with the duo participating inward a contest for the pattern of the Central Park. After winning the competition, they did numerous collaborative projects similar Prospect Park inward Brooklyn, commons systems together with parks for Brooklyn together with Buffalo, New York State Reservation at Niagara, together with South Park inward Chicago. Calvert Vaux also worked on many cemeteries, campuses, estate landscapes, together with planned communities with Olmsted.
Other projects that Vaux worked on include Trinity Cemetery, Grace Church grounds, Cemetery of the Evergreens, Bryn Mawr College, together with the Wisner estate. He was the landscape architect for the New York Department of Public Parks.
58. Charles Garnier
Charles Garnier was born inward Paris. He attended atelier of Louis Hippolyte Lebas to study drawing. In 1841, he attended the École des Beaux-Arts. After winning Grand Prix de Rome inward 1848, he spent 5 years inward Italy.
He participated inward a contest for the Opera inward Paris inward 1861. It was a two-phase competition. Charles Garnier secured the 5th identify inward the initiatory off stage together with won the committee inward the same year. It took fourteen years for the Opera to complete. Charles Garnier also designed the Monte Carlo Casino.
He worked on numerous other projects which include libraries, churches, houses, hotels, together with tombs. He designed together with constructed the tombs of Bizet together with Offenbach.
Charles Garnier did non check real good into the emerging movements of functionalism. His piece of work was based on theory, every bit he says inward his book. He died inward 1898.
59. Richard Morris Hunt
Richard Morris Hunt is regarded every bit the dean of American architecture. He belonged to a respected identify unit of measurement inward New England. His identify unit of measurement moved to Europe when Richard’s begetter died. He was the initiatory off American pupil who studied architecture inward the École des Beaux-Arts inward Paris. He returned to England to pick out European civilization together with architecture to the United States.
He worked on many buildings including civic buildings, libraries, fine art museums, together with flush buildings. One of the initiatory off commissions that he worked on inward New York was the Tenth Street Studio Building inward Greenwich Village. He built the Stuyvesant Apartments for American middle class. Roosevelt Building was some other of his works inward which he experimented with cast-iron facades. He built the New York Tribune Building that was the initiatory off skyscraper inward New York City together with also the initiatory off commercial edifice to take away maintain an elevator. He also designed the pedestal for the world famous, Statue of Liberty.
Other pop creations of Richard Morris Hunt include:
Griswold House
Marble House
The Breakers
Biltmore Estate
60. Gustave Eiffel
Gustave Eiffel was born inward France. He was interested inward construction from a real early on age. he went to École Polytechnique together with and thence to College of Art together with Manufacturing ix École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures) inward Paris. He specialized inward metallic constructions, specifically inward bridges.
The initiatory off projection that Gustave Eiffel worked on was an atomic number 26 duet inward Bordeaux. In but half dozen years from then, he had laid upwards his ain company. He designed the arched Gallery of Machines for an exhibition that was to live held inward Paris, which farther solidified his reputation. He designed the Ponte Maria Pia Bridge which was a 525-foot arched duet over the Douro River inward Portugal. He also has the credit to take away maintain built the Garabit viaduct Truyère inward France.
Other projects that he worked on include the dome of Nice, an astronomical observatory inward France, together with the magnificent Statue of Liberty. Eiffel was hired after the initial engineer, Eugene Viollet-le-Duc died.
What marked Eiffel’s call to history forever was the Eiffel Tower inward Paris. It is a magnificent construction of that Gustave Eiffel built only inward ii years!
61. William Le Baron Jenney
William Le Baron Jenney was non but an architect, but also an engineer, a commons together with town planner, together with an innovator inward the edifice technology. The founder of the Chicago School of Skyscraper Architecture, William Le Barron Jenney pioneered the concept of high-rise skyscraper architecture.
One of the initiatory off commissions he worked on inward Chicago was West Parks. However, he is known best for the Home Insurance Building inward Chicago which is 10 floors high. It was the initiatory off edifice inward America which had a metallic frame instead of a rock together with brick 1 to back upwards the upper levels. Ludington Building inward Chicago is some other instance of such a high-rise building. Other works include First Leiter Building together with the Second Leiter Building, the latter beingness an exemplary 19th-century architectural masterpiece.
62. George Brown Post
George Brown Post was born inward New York City, inward a real well-off family. He got his didactics from New York University. He graduated from the university’s engineering scientific discipline department, with a major inward civil engineering scientific discipline together with architecture.
He turned downwardly the offering of beingness a mathematics professor at New York University to bring together the apprenticeship of a peachy architect, Richard Morris Hunt. After spending some fourth dimension inward the military, he returned to his apprenticeship. He worked on many projects with his co-apprentice but together with thence went on his own.
Although he had lost the contest for the pattern of Equitable Life Insurance Society Building that was to live built inward Manhattan, the panel was thence impressed that they appointed him the consulting engineer together with the projection architect for the project. He brought a lot of structural changes to the winning pattern yesteryear Gilman & Kendall. It was the initiatory off 8-floors edifice that had an lift installed. Post also worked when the edifice was beingness expanded.
George Brown Post also designed the iii buildings for College of New Bailiwick of Jersey which were the Bonner-Marquand Gymnasium, Dickenson Hall (a classroom), together with Reunion Hall (a dorm). None of these buildings are standing today.
It was George Brown Post who built the New York Stock Exchange, the Williamsburgh Savings Bank, together with the Long Island Historical Society Building.
63. Henry Hobson Richardson
Henry Hobson Richardson was born inward Louisiana. He studied civil engineering scientific discipline at Harvard College together with Tulane University. He was the 2nd American, after Richard Morris Hunt, to study architecture at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts inward Paris.
His piece of work was to a greater extent than of Romanesque architecture rather than neoclassical or Gothic Revival architecture. When he returned to the US from Paris, he started his professional person do independently. The initiatory off committee that he worked on was the Unity Church inward Springfield, Massachusetts.
He experimented with many styles. He designed a huge construction that was built out of Medina sandstone, the New York State Asylum inward Buffalo. Today, it is called the H.H Richardson Complex. He worked on Brattle Square Church inward Boston, together with the Trinity Church which was his masterpiece.
He also designed many urban houses, the most pop ones include John Hay together with Henry Adams houses inward Washington DC together with the John J. Glessner House inward Chicago. Most famous of all was the Mary Fisk Stoughton House together with the Henry Potter House.
Allegheny County Courthouse together with Jail together with Marshall Field Wholesale Store are also the works of Henry Hobson Richardson.
64. Otto Wagner
It won’t live incorrect to say that Otto Wagner defined the concept of modernity. He was the 1 who helped inward edifice a modern world. he was an Austrian architect who is considered every bit 1 of the most of import contributors to the early on modernist architecture.
Architecture inward the era when Otto Wagner lived was detailed, ornate, together with decorative. He used to talk openly against the revivalist movements.
Some of his major works include the Majolika Hous. It was made from weather-proof tiles together with had floral designs on the façade. Although its shape is direct together with flat, it is nevertheless considered Art Nouveau. He was also commissioned for edifice the Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station inward Vienna. Austrian Postal Savings Bank, Banking Hall, Inside the Austrian Postal Savings Bank, together with the Church of St. Leopold are all bagged yesteryear Otto Wagner. Two of his residences, Villa I together with Villa II for each of his wives respectively amazing examples of his incredible piece of work too!
65. Antoni Gaudi
Antoni Gaudi was a Castilian architect, born inward Spain. He developed an involvement inward architecture at an early on age. he graduated from Provincial School of Architecture. Antoni Gaudi set upwards an impressive showcase at the Paris World’s Affair inward 1878 which impressed 1 patron thence much that Antoni Gaudi ended upwards working on Güell Estate together with Güell Palace. He also worked on the construction of Basilica together with Expiatory Church of the Holy Family.
Some other impressive works he did include Episcopal Palace (and the Casa de Los Botines, both Gothic together with the Casa Calvet. Antoni Gaudi used his equilibrated organisation to create flush buildings inward Barcelona which were the Casa Milà together with the Casa Batlló.
The lastly projection Antoni Gaudi worked on was the Sagrada Familia which wasn’t completed yesteryear the fourth dimension he died. It is nevertheless non consummate today.
66. Cass Gilbert
Cass Gilbert is an architect from America, who built some of the finest buildings that nevertheless stand upwards inward America today. When he was 17 years old, Abraham M. Radcliffe, an architect from Minnesota, hired him. After many years, Cass Gilbert earned a grade inward architecture from MIT.
CASS Gilbert worked on many buildings including Minnesota State Capital Building. He moved to New York where he was commissioned to pattern together with create Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House. He was together with thence elected the president of the American Institute of Architects.
He designed the Spalding Building, St. Louis Library, Alien Art Museum, Detroit Public Library, together with Thurgood Marshal US Courthouse. Cass Gilbert worked until he died. Before he died, he designed plans for the US Supreme Court Building,
67. Victor Horta
Victor Horta was a Belgian architect who was born inward Ghent. He studied architecture at Académie des Beaux-Arts. His piece of work is the most of import of examples of the Art Nouveau. Although most of the piece of work yesteryear Victor Horta tin john live seen inward Beaux Arts vogue it is Art Nouveau piece of work that makes him beloved. Most of his Art Nouveau piece of work includes townhouses that he built for the Belgian elite.
He designed my individual houses together with world buildings inward Brussels. He used cast atomic number 26 for decorative together with structural reasons. He built the Hotel Tassel, Maison Autrique, Maison Winssinge, Hôtel Eetvelde, together with Maison du Peuple. His works also include “À l’Innovation” which was a subdivision store. In subsequent years, he distanced himself from Art nouveau together with designed buildings inward a to a greater extent than neo-classical vogue which is exemplified yesteryear the Palais des Beaux-Arts inward Brussels.
68. Joseph Maria Olbrich
Joseph Maria Olbrich was an Austrian architect. He studied architecture at the renowned Wiener Staatsgewerbeschule together with the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.
He worked for Otto Wagner together with it is said that it was Joseph Maria Olbrich who did the detailed construction for most of the Wiener Stadtbahn (Metropolitan Railway) buildings yesteryear Otto Wagner. He also designed the Succession Hall Building which is at nowadays the landmark of the movement.
He worked on many other fields including furniture, pottery, musical instruments, together with volume bindings. One of his famous creations includes the Wedding Tower inward Darmstadt.
69. Hector Guimard
Hector Guimard was a designer together with an engineer. His piece of work is an outstanding instance of Art Nouveau. He was a key figure inward the 19th-century architecture together with is considered every bit a pioneer of modern design. He applied modern construction techniques together with innovative materials inward his work. He made job of steel, iron, together with drinking glass inward many of his works.
Example of his modern fine art includes the Castle Beranger inward Paris which is an flush complex. Other of his works that are pop include Humbert de Romans auditorium, Coilliot house, La Bluette, Castel Henriette, Nozal Hotel, together with Castel d’Orgeval. He is most famous for the revolutionary entrances to the Paris Metro, having perfectly interwoven industrial plant life together with fauna shapes.
70. Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright was a modern architect whose piece of work depicted modern style. He has the credits for designing numerous iconic buildings. After he finished college, he became the primary assistant to Louis Sullivan, an architect. He developed his ain architectural house after which focused on organic architecture inward commercial buildings together with homes.
He designed to a greater extent than than 1100 buildings during his lifetime. The initiatory off architectural masterpiece that Frank Lloyd Wright was his ain domicile inward Chicago which is at nowadays called the Frank Lloyd Wright domicile together with studio. He started individual do nether the call Prairie School inward this residential studio after he left Adler together with Sullivan inward 1893.
He designed the Winslow House inward River Forest. Over the next years, he worked on many world buildings together with residences including the Unity Temple inward Oak Park together with Robie House inward Chicago.
After twenty years of his marriage, he abandoned his identify unit of measurement together with moved to Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany with the married adult woman of a client, where he set ii portfolios together. This established an international profile for Frank Lloyd Wright.
Upon his render to the United States, he designed what became 1 of his most acclaimed works – Taliesin, Welsh which was a domicile he built for himself together with Mamah Borthwick Cheney, the adult woman he had moved to Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany earlier.
He was commissioned yesteryear a Japanese emperor to build the Imperial Hotel inward Tokyo. He claimed that the construction he spent 7 years on was earthquake-proof together with inward the Great Kanto Earthquake, the Imperial Hotel was the only large construction that survived the massive impact!
In 1932, he founded Taliesin Fellowship which was an architectural schoolhouse that he started from his Taliesin residence. Taliesin Fellowship was housed inward Taliesin West during wintertime months, which his he built 5 years after with his apprentices.
At virtually lxx years of age, he made a dramatic entrance to the profession yesteryear his greatest building, the Fallingwater, which was a residence for the acclaimed Kaufmann identify unit of measurement of Pittsburgh. He designed the SC Johnson Wax Administration Building inward Wisconsin. He also designed the stunning Monona Terrace (which could non live constructed due to lack of funds), together with Guggenheim Museum inward New York City.
71. Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Charles Rennie Mackintosh studied architecture together with technical drawing. He was an intern with John Hutchinson, who was a renowned architect. He received numerous challenging commissions during his internship.
His architectural works include Glasgow School of Art, International Exhibition inward Glasgow Haus eines Kunstfreundes, Windyhill inward Kilmacolm, Hill House inward Helensburgh, the Willow Tea Rooms, Glasgow, and Scotland Street School. The Mackintosh House situated inward Glasgow was reconstructed together with it was opened to the world every bit a museum inward the tardily 1970s.
72. Peter Behrens
Peter Behrens is considered the pioneer of corporate pattern together with modernist architecture. He was born inward Hamburg. He joined utopian Darmstadt creative someone colony that was laid upwards yesteryear the Grand duke of Hesse, Ernst Ludwig. While he was there, he designed his ain domicile which gave him the encouragement to start working every bit an architect.
His famous works include AEG Turbine Factory, High German Embassy inward St Petersburg, together with Hoechst Dye Factory, Admin Building inward Frankfurt.
73. Adolf Loos
Adolf Loos was an Austrian architect who grew upwards inward Germany. He was against the job of ornamentals together with pattern inward architecture because he found it immature together with childish.
Adolf Loos did non pattern many buildings himself. One of his earliest masterpieces includes the Café Museum. Other works of Adolf Loos include the Loos House, Hais Steiner, Haus Scheu, together with Haus Rufer. He designed the Chicago Tribune Tower together with the house inward Paris for Tristan Tzara.
74. Burnham together with Root
Burnham together with Root are 1 of the top architectural firms that were laid upwards yesteryear Daniel Hudson Burnham together with John Wellborn Root. It was a key influence on the Chicago School of Architecture. Burnham together with Root met each other during the apprenticeship at an architectural house of Carter, Drake, together with Wight inward Chicago.
The early on buildings that they worked on were homes for wealthy people but hi started designing tall buildings soon. The pop architectural works that the duo pulled together include Rookery Building, Rand McNally Building, together with Monadnock Building, all inward Chicago.
75. Holabird & Roche
William Holabird together with Martin Roche were architects who were working every bit apprentices with William Le Baron Jennery who worked on the designing together with edifice of tall buildings. The ii architects decided to start their do together with inward 1880, Holabird together with Roche (the electrical flow name) were established.
They constructed numerous tall, commercial buildings inward Chicago including the Marquette Building, the southern one-half of Monadnock Building, the Old Colony Building, Brookes Building, together with the Chicago Building which is the Chicago Savings Bank Building. In a curt duet of time, skyscrapers designed together with built yesteryear Holabird together with Roche dotted the skylines of the cities all over the Midwest. They constructed many historically-inspired buildings which include County Building or Chicago’s City Hall, the University Club, together with the Chicago Temple.
76. Adler together with Sullivan
The ii architects during the tardily 19th century, Dankmar Adler together with Louis Sullivan teamed upwards to create waves inward the architecture. They produced American architecture that was elementary together with featured steel fame walls together with modern forms. Their partnership was the most influential together with famous inward American architecture. They were considered the fathers of the modern skyscrapers.
The most pregnant works yesteryear the duo include the Auditorium Building, the Schiller/Garrick, the Chicago Stock Exchange Building, the Wainwright Building inward St. Louis, together with the Guaranty Building inward New York.
Some of the masterpieces that Louis Sullivan worked lone include the Schlesinger & Mayer store which was after known every bit Carson Pirie Scott together with the Bayard Building inward New York.
77. Walter Gropius
Walter Gropius is 1 of the pioneers of modern architecture together with the founder of Bauhaus, which is an architecture schoolhouse inward Germany. This High German architect designed together with developed several architectural masterpieces that are nevertheless standing today.
The major works that Walter Gropius did include The Fagus Factory, Sommerfeld House, together with Monument to the March Dead. Bauhaus Complex inward Dessau, Gropius House inward Massachusetts, the Graduate Center at Harvard University, the Pan American Building inward New York City, together with the John F. Kennedy Federal Office Building inward Boston are all Walter Gropius’s contributions to American architecture.
20th Century Architects
In the 20th century, architecture observed modernism. With rapid economical evolution together with urbanization, the architecture saw novel forms, having fiddling or no ornamentation. The structures were made to a greater extent than practical together with functional together with made-made materials similar steel were used excessively. The architects who adapted to the modernization inward the 20th century were successful inward pulling off masterpieces that formed the ground of modern architecture.
78. Erich Mendelsohn
Erich Mendelsohn was a High German architect together with also the pioneer of modern architecture. He incorporated functionalism inward his projects. He was born inward Prussia together with received preparation inward architecture inward Berlin together with Munich.
The initiatory off major committee that Erich Mendelsohn bagged was the Einstein Tower inward Potsdam. The construction was a perfect aspect of abstract architecture together with sculptural expressionism. When he started turning away from free-flowing designs, he created the Steinberg Hat Factory inward Luckenwalde, Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany which is an instance of the novel direction he took inward architecture.
The most of import British pattern that Erich Mendelsohn worked on was the De La Warr Pavilion at Bexhill-On-Sea. He executed many of import buildings inward Palestine which include University Medical Center inward Jerusalem together with a infirmary at Haifa.
His American works include Maimonides Hospital -San Francisco. His works inward Midwest include St. Louis Mo inward Ohio, Grand Rapids inward Mich, together with St. Paul inward Minn.
79. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret
Charles Edouard Jeanneret was a Swiss-born architect. He joined his begetter inward merchandise at the historic menses of thirteen together with went to Europe on a trip upon the advice of Charles L’Eplattenier, who decided that Charles Edouard should go an architect. After working inward many architectural offices inward Paris, Vienna, together with Berlin, nether renowned architects, returned to domicile town together with continued his architectural studies.
One of his earliest designs includes the 1 for the Domino House, the pattern of which became the template for the next decade. After setting upwards his ain studio inward Paris inward 1922, Le Corbusier designed many houses together with villas which include Citrohan House, together with the villas built for Ozenfant, Raoul La Roche, Michael Stein together with the Villa Lipchitz, Maison Planeix, Maison Cook, together with his masterwork Savoye House. He also produced large-scale housing projects similar Immeubles Villas.
Other pop works include:
Army Hostel
Swiss Dormitory at the City University
Unite d’Habitation, Marseilles
Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine, France
La Tourette Monastery, Evreux-sur-l’Arbesle
Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp
80. Mies van der Rohe
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was born inward Germany. He was 1 of the most influential architects who lived inward the 20th century. He developed the most enduring vogue of architecture which was modernism. The minimalist vogue of Mies van der Rohe was real pop for almost a century. He started his career at Peter Behrens’s studio.
His fame was cemented inward 1921 when he proposed the pattern of the Friedrichstraße skyscraper which was an all-glass tower together with inward 1929 yesteryear the High German Pavilion at Barcelona Exposition. It remains 1 of the most pop together with well-known of his works fifty-fifty today.
After the influence of Nazis continued to grow, finding piece of work inward Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany became difficult. Mies went to the United States. He settled inward Chicago where was made the caput of Illinois Institute of Technology. He worked on exemplary projects such every bit the Seagram Building together with the 860-880 Lakeshore Drive. He also designed the Farnsworth House together with the Chicago Federal Center.
81. Alvar Aalto
Alvar Aalto was born inward Finland. He designed buildings for many world institutions together with also worked on individual homes together with standardized housing. He was a pop slice of furniture designer. Artek was established thence that sales of Aalto slice of furniture could live promoted.
One of the major milestones for Alvar Aalto was the Paimio Sanatorium. He designed many world buildings including Säynätsalo Town Hall, the Jyväskylä Institute of Pedagogics together with the House of Culture inward Helsinki. The most notable urban designs include Seinäjoki urban kernel center, Rovaniemi urban kernel optic together with the Jyväskylä administrative together with cultural optic which was only partly built.
Alvar Aalto also worked on many projects, both world together with private, exterior Republic of Finland every bit well. Most prominent works yesteryear Alvar Aalto include:
City Library, Vyborg, Russia
Villa Mairea, Noormarkku, Finland
Finnish Church of the Holy Ghost, Wolfsburg, Germany
82. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
The westerners, Skidmore, Owings, together with Merrill constitute SOM inward the 1930s inward Chicago. The house was established when the urban kernel was trying to constitute itself taller together with bigger than New York. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill worked on numerous projects, non only inward Chicago but throughout the world that are all masterpieces of modern architecture.
The most prominent works yesteryear the house include the following:
Louis Kahn was 1 of the greatest architects of the 20th century who fused modernism with the dignity together with weigh of ancient monuments. He was born inward Parnu which is at nowadays Estonia. His identify unit of measurement moved to Philadelphia where he lived for the residue of his life. Most of his architectural works are also found there.
His initial involvement was inward medieval architecture. It wasn’t until he turned 50 that his involvement inward modern architecture developed. He delivered many successful, well-known projects inward unlike parts of the world. Some of them are the following:
Salk Institute, Jolla, California
National Assembly Building, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas
Four Freedoms Park, New York (design discovered after his death)
84. Philip Johnson
Philip Johnson was born inward Ohio. He was a critic, author, museum director, historian, but non an architect before he designed his initiatory off building. With time, he became 1 of the most strong forces inward modern architecture.
As a component of his master copy grade thesis, he designed his residence inward New Canaan which is at nowadays the world famous, Glass House. he was the 1 to organize the initiatory off visits of Mies van der Rohe together with Le Corbusier’s initiatory off visits to the country. He commissioned Mies van der Rohe to pattern his flush inward New York. Later, he collaborated with Mies for the designing together with construction of the Seagram Building inward New York, which is the finest high-rise edifice of the continent. The most controversial projection of his career was the AT&T headquarters inward New York with the “Chippendale” top.
The listing of his projects that are known to the world today include:
International Place, Boston
Tycon Towers, Vienna
Momentum Place, Dallas
53rdat Third, New York
NCNB Center, Houston
Crystal Cathedral, California
Water Garden, Fort Worth
85. Oscar Niemeyer
Oscar Niemeyer was born inward Rio de Janeiro, Brazil together with studied architecture. He became the most famous Brazilian architects during the 20th century.
Oscar Niemeyer designed the Brazilian Pavilion for the World’s Fair inward New York inward collaboration with Lucio Costa. He was involved inward the pattern together with construction of the Ministry of Education together with Health, after which his architectural career blossomed.
He collaborated with Le Corbusier to pattern the United Nations Headquarters inward New York. His residence inward Rio de Janeiro became a landmark itself. He also designed the Aeronautical Research Center. He worked on an business office edifice inward Europe for Renault together with the Communist Party Headquarters inward Paris.
Other works include Le Havre’s cultural center, the Mondadori Editorial Office inward Milan together with FATA Office Building inward Turin. He was also involved inward the pattern of Zoological Gardens, the Foreign Office, together with the University of Constantine. Metropolitan Cathedral, Brasilia together with Palacio do Itamaraty, Brasilia are also his works.
86. Eero Saarinen
Eero Saarinen was a Finnish architect, born to Eliel Saarinen who was a well-establish Finnish architect. His identify unit of measurement moved to the US when he was only 12 years old.
Being overweight together with dyslexic, Eero Saarinen could non have proper schooling. He was sent to Paris for 1 twelvemonth at Académie de la Grande Chaumière after which he received his grade of Bachelor of Arts from Yale.
Initially, he worked with his begetter but after his begetter died, he opened his ain firm. He focused on utilizing a newer technique for construction together with creating architecture that had some sort of visual effect.
Other than this Saarinen Collection inward furniture, he produced a number of architectural masterpieces similar TWA Terminal at New York’s J.F Kennedy Airport AND Dulles International Airport inward Washington D.C. He also designed the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial inward St. Louis, Missouri together with the Kresge Auditorium at MIT, Cambridge.
87. Kenzo Tange
Kenzo Tange was a Japanese architect who was 1 of the real of import architects of the 20th century. He fused the Japanese styles with modernism together with designed many prominent together with of import buildings inward v continents.
Kenzo Tange participated inward a contest inward 1942 for the pattern of the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere Memorial Hall. He was awarded the initiatory off prize, for the pattern that would live situated at the base of operations of Mount Fuji. However, what he conceived was a fusion of plaza on Capitoline Hill inward Rome together with Shinto shrine architecture. Hence, the pattern was non realized.
The highlights of his architectural career include the next buildings:
Hiroshima Peace Centre, Hiroshima, Japan
Yamanashi Press together with Radio Centre, Kofu, Japan
Tokyo Olympic Stadium, Japan
88. Ieoh Ming Pei (I.M Pei)
Ieoh Ming Pei is a Chinese-American architect is said to live the greatest modernist architect. He won the Pritzker Price inward 1963. The jury stated that he had given some of the most beautiful exterior forms together with interior spaces to the century. He was born inward mainland People's Republic of China but grew upwards inward Hong Kong.
He had his ain do with the call I.M. Pei & Associates. The most well-known piece of work of his house is the crystalline extension of the world-famous Louvre inward Paris. Other works that are quite influential include Bank of mainland People's Republic of China Tower inward Hong Kong, JFK Presidential Library inward Boston, – John Hancock Building, Boston, together with the East Building of National Art Gallery Of Art inward Washington D.C.
89. Jorn Oberg Utzon
John Oberg Utzon took didactics from Sweden, Denmark, together with Finland. He worked beside Alvar Aalto, who was his master. He is considered every bit 1 of the most of import architects that lived inward the 2nd one-half of the 20th century.
He settled inward Copenhagen where he had his ain studio. He won the Pritzker prize for the most of import projection of his career- Sydney Opera House.
Other works that he good known for include:
The Kingo Houses, Helsingor
Bagsvaerd Church, Copenhagen
90. Sir James Stirling
Sir James Stirling was born inward Glasgow, Scotland. He is known for his controversial designs of multiunit houses together with world buildings. He received didactics inward architecture from Architecture, University of Liverpool. He started piece of work during the early on 1950s. He worked inward partnership with James Gowan for 7 years together with with Michael Wilford from 1971 onwards.
The early on works that he did included low-rise houses inward New Brutalist style. The most of import piece of work that he did was the Engineering Department Building at the University of Leicester.
He brought unconventional axes, brightly colored elements, together with complex geometric shapes inward his designs which tin john live seen inward the New State Gallery that he worked on inward Stuttgart, Germany. It is 1 of his finest achievements. Other works include Fogg Art Museum together with Arthur M. Museum at Harvard University, together with Clore Gallery at Tate United Kingdom of Great Britain together with Northern Ireland of Britain together with Northern Republic of Ireland inward London.
He was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize inward 1981. He was knighted shortly after he died.
91. Venturi, Rauch & Scott-Brown
Venturi, Rauch, together with Scott-Brown is an architectural house based inward Philadelphia which was established yesteryear postmodernist architects- Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown together with John Rauch.
These architects established their house with a philosophy of social planning, environmental responsibility, together with contextual design. The house is involved inward urban planning, residences, museums, decorative arts, together with academic planning.
The major works that the trio of architects has successfully pulled off include:
Freedom Plaza inward Washington, D.C.
Washington Avenue district inward Miami Beach, Florida
The Strand inward Galveston, Texas
Vanna Venturi House, Pennsylvania
Guild House Retirement Home, Philadelphia
Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College
Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego
92. Frank O. Gehry
Frank O. Gehry was born inward Canada. He took his didactics from the University of Southern California together with the Harvard Graduate School of Design.
He started off with his career yesteryear working for Victor Gruen Associates together with for Pereira together with Luckman. He had a brief stint inward Paris after which he returned to California together with established his ain firm. He won the Pritzker Prize inward 1989.
The most prominent of works yesteryear Frank Gehry include the following:
California Aerospace Museum, Los Angeles
Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles
Weisman Museum, Minneapolis
Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao
Nationale Nederlanden Building, Prague
Experience Music Project, Seattle
93. Fazlur Khan
Fazlur Khan was a structural engineer together with designer who was born inward Bangladesh. He was involved inward the construction of extremely tall skyscrapers.
He developed many structural systems that Pb to the revolution inward the construction of high-rise towers. His works include the Willis Tower (110-story) together with John Hancock Center (100-story). He is considered every bit the Father of tubular designs for skyscrapers.
He was a partner inward the house of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill which is the house of American architects. Fazlur Khan also designed many of other of import buildings which include the Haj Terminal, at Jeddah Airport Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Other major contributions to 20th-century architecture include:
The US Air Force Academy, Colorado
One Magnificent Mile, Chicago
94. Aldo Rossi
Aldo Rossi was a theorist, artist, author, teacher, together with an architect. He was born inward Italy but has left a grade of his influence all over the world. He received his Architecture grade from Milan Polytechnic University inward 1959. He was an editor of Casabella, an architectural journal for ix years.
He contributed greatly to the 20th-century modern architecture. The most pop of his works include Teatro del Mondo (a floating theatre), the Carlo Felice Theatre which is the National Opera House inward Genoa together with the Toronto Lighthouse Theatre on the banks of Lake Ontario inward Canada. He also built the Gallaratese housing complex, Pocono Pines Houses inward Pocono, novel School of Architecture inward the University of Miami, St Cataldo Cemetery inward Modena, together with Cirque de Soleil House inward Berlin. He won the Pritzker Prize inward 1990.
95. Richard Rogers
Richard Rogers is with the most innovative together with distinctive architects of the 20th century. He is 1 of the leading architects during the British High-Tech movement. He was born inward Florence. He attended the Architectural Association inward London together with and thence went to Yale University. He met Brit Norman Foster at Yale together with after graduating, the ii joined hands with Su Brumwell together with Wendy Cheeseman together with established Team 4 inward 1963. Their collaboration every bit Team 4 but lasted for 4 years but during this time, they contributed greatly to British architecture. After Team 4 got disbanded, he collaborated with Renzo Piano which was real fruitful.
The most of import of Richard Roger’s works include:
Georges Pompidou Centre, Paris (with Renzo Piano)
Lloyds of London
96. Richard Meier
Richard Meier is an American architect who focused on opened upwards space, pure geometry, together with light. After working with Skidmore, Owings & Merrill together with Marcel Breuer during the kickoff of his career, he formed inward ain firm.
One of his early on works on the Smith House received a lot of criticism since it was his initiatory off white edifice that he built upon Le Corbusier’s modernism. He received greater attending for the Douglas House.
After the success of the serial of individual residences, he received numerous world commissions. These commissions included:
Atheneum New Harmony, Indiana
Museum of Decorative Arts Germany
High Museum of Art inward Atlanta, Georgia
City Hall together with Library inward The Hague, Netherlands
Museum of Contemporary Art inward Barcelona, Spain.
Getty Center inward Los Angeles
Eli together with Edythe Broad Art, due north campus of the University of California, Los Angeles
97. Sir Norman Foster
Sir Norman Foster was born inward Manchester. He is a British designer together with an architect who is active inward London. He has a various sense together with his contribution to modern architecture is massive. He has designed offices, skyscrapers, stadiums, airports, galleries, parliament buildings, urban kernel master copy plans, together with a spaceport.
He won a Pritzker Price inward 1999. He is genuinely devoted to architectural engineering together with this devotion has helped him earn a identify inward the High-Tech movement. He has designed incredible buildings such every bit the headquarters of Willis Faber & Dumas together with the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts.
Other major architectural works that Sir Norman Foster has worked on include:
Hong Kong together with Shanghai Bank Headquarters inward Hong Kong
Reichstag Dom inward Berlin
30 St Mary Axe, London (the Gherkin)
98. Renzo Piano
Renzo Piano is an Italian architect. He was born inward Genoa. He belongs to a identify unit of measurement of builders, but he chose pattern instead. He studied architecture inward Milan. He worked for Louis Kahn together with Richard Rogers, leading to Piano getting success quite early on inward his career. He participated inward the contest for the pattern of Centre Pompidou together with won. After completing piece of work at the Centre Pompidou, he founded his ain firm, Renzo Piano Building Workshop after spending 4 years with Peter Rice, an engineer.
With Centre Pompidou, he received commissions for many museums. Some of his most prominent works include the Menil Collection together with Whitney Museum of American Art. He has also designed together with constructed Louis Kahn’s Kimbell Art Museum together with the Carpenter Center at Harvard.
He received the Pritzker Prize inward 1998. He was praised yesteryear the jury for his projects including Kansai Airport Terminal inward Osaka together with Shard inward London.
99. Albert Speer
Albert Speer was born inward Germany. He studied architecture at the Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe. He after went to Universities of Berlin together with Munich.
He believed that Hitler could restore the glory that the High German Empire had lost during the Weimar Republic. He prepared creative stages for Nazi events. He designed many decorations, monuments together with parade grounds at Nuremberg. These parade grounds were captured inward a celluloid Triumph of the Will yesteryear Leni Riefenstahl. He was selected yesteryear Hitler to create Reich Chancellory inward Berlin, the Party Palace inward Nuremberg, together with for the refurbishment of Berlin.
He was imprisoned for twenty years for aiding Nazis state of war crimes together with numerous crimes against humanity. He died inward London inward 1981.
100. Hassan Fathy
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect who brought a larger audience to the vernacular architecture of Egypt. He used local construction methods together with materials to create architecture that was economically together with socially suited to the people.
One of the most of import projects that Hassan Fathy worked on was the town of New Gourna. His piece of work close the town of New Baris is also a notable contribution of Hassan Fathy to Egyptian architecture.
Architecture has seen numerous variations together with modifications since the 16th century upwards until the 20th century. Starting from extensive ornamentation together with settling on simplistic, minimalist, together with modern architecture, architecture has seen waves of transformations!
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